Since June of 2002, an estimated 5,000
children have been abducted-a striking increase from 2001, when
fewer than 100 children were abducted. In total, an estimated 20,000
children have been abducted during the 16-year conflict between the
LRA and the Ugandan government.
"The increase in abductions is dramatic and alarming," said Jo
Becker of the Children's Rights Division of Human Rights Watch.
"More children have been taken in the last 10 months than in any
previous year of the conflict."
The surge in abductions followed the return of the LRA to Uganda
after the Ugandan government launched a military offensive,
"Operation Iron Fist," against the LRA's bases in southern Sudan in
March of last year.
Children abducted by the LRA are frequently beaten, and forced to
carry out raids, burn houses, beat and kill civilians, and abduct
other children. They must carry heavy loads over long distances and
work long hours as virtual slaves. Many are given weapons training
and some are used to fight the Ugandan army, the Uganda People's
Defense Force (UPDF). Girls are sexually enslaved as "wives" to LRA
commanders, and subjected to rape, unwanted pregnancies, and the
risk of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS.
The LRA uses brutal tactics to demand obedience from abducted
children. Children are forced to beat or trample to death other
children who attempt to escape, and are repeatedly told they will be
killed if they try to run away.
The 31-page
report, "Stolen Children: Abduction and Recruitment in Northern
Uganda" draws on interviews with children who have recently escaped
from LRA captivity. The majority of those interviewed were abducted
after the escalation of the conflict last year.
"Children live in fear," said Becker. "They know that if they are
abducted they will be brutalized, possibly killed, and may never see
their families again."
Every night thousands of children pour into Gulu and other
northern Ugandan towns from surrounding areas, hoping to avoid
abduction. They sleep on verandas, in bus parks, on church grounds,
and at local hospitals before returning home again the next morning.
In February 2003, Human Rights Watch observed nearly 3,000
individuals, the vast majority unaccompanied children, seeking
refuge at Lacor hospital in Gulu. These children are known locally
as "night commuters."
Uganda's government also recruits children. Human Rights Watch
documented the recruitment of children as young as 12 into Local
Defense Units, also known as home guards. These children are
trained, and sometimes fight, with the Ugandan army. Boys who manage
to escape from LRA captivity, particularly those with combat
experience, are also pressured to join the UPDF while in UPDF
custody for debriefing.
Human Rights Watch called on both the LRA and the Uganda
government to comply with international standards prohibiting the
recruitment and use of children as soldiers.
"The abduction of children has destroyed the lives of thousands
of children and their families," said Becker. "The United Nations
should appoint a special envoy to act on behalf of these children
and to seek their release."
Human Rights Watch called on the United Nations Commission on
Human Rights, which is now meeting in Geneva, to request that the UN
Secretary-General appoint a special envoy to seek the release of the
abducted children, by conducting "shuttle diplomacy" between the LRA
and the Ugandan government. A broad group of Ugandan and
international non-governmental organizations has endorsed the
proposal. These include humanitarian agencies working in the north
such as Save the Children, International Rescue Committee, Norwegian
Refugee Council, and World Vision International.
On March 2,
the leader of the LRA, Joseph Kony, announced a unilateral
ceasefire. The government initially rejected the declaration, but
later announced a limited ceasefire to allow for talks with the LRA.
However, the LRA did not appear at sites designated by the
government for the talks, and LRA fighters have violated Kony's
ceasefire announcement by attacking and abducting civilians.